Gohar-e-Tahqeeq - گوہرِ تحقیق

Persian Poetry: From Pictorial Representation to Modern Figurative Imagery

Dr. Tasneem Rehman — 2026-06-27

This article explores the nature of picturisation in Persian poetry and traces its development from early verbal imagery to modern symbolic representation. It shows how poetic expression gradually evolved in form and meaning across different literary periods. In the early phase of Persian poetry, poets like Roudaki demonstrated mastery in creating simple yet vivid verbal images. During the Samanid era, Daqiqi enriched epic poetry with dynamic and detailed descriptions. In the Ghaznavid period, Ferdousi’s Shahnameh became a landmark of descriptive and imaginative writing, presenting a rich gallery of powerful imagery. Ansri’s poetry from the same era also reflects lively and expressive visual descriptions, especially of nature, emotions, and battle scenes. In the Seljuk period, under the Iraqi style (Sabk-e Iraqi), poets like Omar Khayyam advanced poetic expression toward symbolic meaning. The works of Anwari and Nizami further transformed poetry into a refined collection of artistic images through rhetorical skill. In later periods, poets such as Saadi, Ameer Khusrau, Faizi, Urfi, and Naziri expanded both descriptive and symbolic imagery. In modern Persian poetry, influenced by global literary trends, there is a clear shift toward deeper symbolic and metaphorical representation, moving beyond simple picturization toward complex thematic expression.

Representation of Contemporary Issues in Ali Akbar Natiq’s Novel “Kamari Wala”: A Critical Study

Nida Ghaffar — 2026-06-27

Ali Akbar Natiq’s Kamari Wala is a powerful, realistic reflection of contemporary Pakistan, masterfully capturing the complex dynamics of rural and semi-urban life. By weaving together social, political, and psychological threads, Natiq transforms the novel into a vivid document of his time.The narrative explores the struggles of the modern generation, marked by deprivation, injustice, and a palpable sense of social fragmentation. Natiq presents a society where human values often appear paralyzed, suffocated by systemic oppression. Through characters like Talal Chaudhry, the author exposes the moral decay and unchecked greed of power-holders. Their obsessive pursuit of land and authority—culminating in extreme acts such as parricide—unveils the dark, violent layers hidden beneath the surface of contemporary life.Using a critical-analytical lens, the novel effectively critiques political decay and the ideological contradictions between tradition and modernity. It is not merely a piece of fiction but a compelling social commentary that forces readers to confront the "hidden wounds" of human existence. Ultimately, Natiq’s artistic depth and narrative force render Kamari Wala a poignant testament to the moral crises defining our era, highlighting the fragility of human integrity in a world increasingly dominated by corruption and shifting values.

"Mufti Taqi Usmani’s Travelogue Writing: An Analytical Study"

Numan Ahmad — 2026-06-27

Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani is a world-renowned Islamic scholar and a prominent religious personality whose immense contributions, particularly in the field of Islamic banking, are well known and widely recognized. Beyond his religious and theological stature, his intellectual and creative works possess a significant literary dimension, which is beautifully manifested in his travelogue writing. He has traveled to more than fifty countries of the world and meticulously portrayed the detailed accounts of his journeys. His travelogues do not merely describe geographical itineraries, but also explicitly depict the social, cultural, and civilized aspects of the various countries he visited. This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the academic, social, and literary significance of his travelogues. It highlights that his travel writing possesses many distinct features, attributes, and characteristics such as beautiful writing style, fascinating observation, vivid imagery and historical elements. Ultimately, this study evaluates his unique artistic skills and underscores the dual value of his travelogues as a significant asset in Urdu travel literature and an invaluable resource for understanding global civilizations.

The Narrative of Cultural Relationship Between East and West in the Novel the White Castle and Orhan Pamuk's Intellectual Perspective

Dr. Muhammad Asif Raza — 2026-06-27

Orhan Pamuk’s The White Castle presents a complex exploration of the cultural relationship between East and West. Set in the seventeenth-century Ottoman Empire, the novel narrates the story of an Italian captive and a Turkish scholar, Hoja, whose intellectual and psychological relationship gradually becomes a symbolic encounter between two civilizations. The Italian captive represents Western rationality, scientific knowledge, and individual consciousness, while Hoja reflects the Eastern world, shaped by tradition, authority, and a desire to acquire Western knowledge. This article examines the novel as a narrative of cultural dialogue, identity crisis, knowledge, and power. Through the physical resemblance, intellectual exchange, and eventual exchange of identities between the two characters, Pamuk challenges the rigid division between East and West. The novel suggests that cultural identities are not fixed or pure; rather, they are fluid, unstable, and formed through contact, imitation, resistance, and mutual influence.

A biographical study of popular literature mentioned in the novel "Diya Jalta Raha" (II).

Farah Noreen — 2026-06-27

“Diya Jalta Raha” is a novel by Professor Dr. Shafiq Ahmed. The author has established a new tradition by writing a second novel with the same title and even his third novel having the same title is in progress The most unique aspect of novel is the mentioning of various literary figures in different contexts Dr Shafiq Ahmed has the honor of meeting most of them, including Naseem Hijazi , Mushfiq khawaja , Zahoor Nazar , Syed Saeed Ahmed , Abid Siddiq , khursheed Nazir, Murtaza Barlas , Anwar Sabir and Zawar Husain Shah ln his novel he has used the reference to Nazir Ahmed’s novel very aptly The author has skillfully introduced the characters through verses by Mir Taqi Mir and Allama Iqbal