Environmental Elements in Urdu Afsana....A Review

Abstract

The tradition of Urdu fiction has always reflected human life as well as nature and the environment. The fiction writer has presented the social, cultural and natural problems of his era in the form of art. If we examine the environmental elements, then natural landscapes, changing seasons, forests, rivers, fields, animals, birds and the conditions of the air and atmosphere are prominent in fiction literature on both symbolic and real levels. In the 21^st century, the environment has been presented as a serious issue. Pollution, deforestation, overuse of the earth's natural resources, population pressure in cities and climate change have become part of the themes of fiction writers. Fiction writers like Intizar Hussain, Hassan Manzar, Rafiq Hussain, Siddique Alam, Muhammad Hameed Shahid, Tahira Iqbal and Nayyar Iqbal have highlighted these issues in an artistic manner. In these stories, on the one hand, the beauty of nature and its deep connection with human life are shown, on the other hand, the consequences of environmental degradation and exploitation of natural resources are also highlighted. The short Urdu story, in addition to reflecting human relationships and social problems, also highlights the importance of environmental awareness and connection with nature. This article will examine the environmental elements in Urdu stories.